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1 mL per 26.4 gallons (100 L) increases alkalinity by 0.1 dKH.
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5 mL per 20.0 gallons (75.7 L) increases alkalinity by 0.60 dKH.
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Reference Standard: 8.50 +/-0.5 dKH
In established systems, increase alkalinity up to 1 dKH daily, until desired value or reference standard is reached.
Application
Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized persons. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Store in a cool, dry location away from sunlight.
The
following discussion and recommendations are made expressly for
recirculating systems. Laboratory application may proceed as required
by study objectives. Review Disclaimer at bottom of page prior to using this or other Captiv8 Aquaculture product(s).
Formulation excludes phosphate- and hydroxide-based salts.
The rate of system
acidification is driven by various chemical and physical factors which
are unique to each independently-operating recirculating system, and
which are constantly changing as cohort biomass increases and decreases.
Among the factors involved are: abundance and decomposition rates of
DOM and POM; addition of carbon dioxide, yielding carbonic acid, in
conjunction with calcareous media reactors; rate of gas exchange and
immediate atmospheric CO2 content;
application of substances which feature a low pH (e.g. shelf-stable
organic solutions); average alkalinity (carbonate hardness) value;
balance of CO2 production and
uptake as a matter of rates of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis,
respectively. While this is not an exhaustive list of factors
influencing pH in recirculating systems, these factors may collectively
be of greatest consequence in the daily management of pH values.
The unique nature of each
individual recirculating system dictates that pH be monitored and
maintained within the appropriate range, as dictated by cohort
requirements and desired ammonia : ammonium balance. Alkalinity, which
may be functionally defined as the relative stability of pH, deserves
similar daily attention from the caretaker(s) of recirculating systems.
Monitoring (daily) the
system's pH range and referencing apparent changes in cohort biomass and
appearance will enable User to adjust dosing of this formula to suit
system requirements, improving overall effectiveness and resulting in
less wasted solution.
Dose solution as necessary to
maintain system alkalinity within desired range. Recommended is to begin
at a dosing rate which does not exceed alkalinity increase of 18.1 mg/L
(1.0 dKH) per 24h, monitoring system alkalinity with calibrated
apparatus or other reliable alkalinity indicator. Permit system
alkalinity to stabilize (T≥300s) before re-applying. Adjust dosing rate
as necessary. If using with automated dosing apparatus, then do not
introduce organic materials to direct vicinity of drip entry-point into
system, as these may saponify. Do not exceed system pH maximum. Do not
apply in close proximity to sessile invertebrates or developing finfish
embryos. Monitor cohort for signs of distress when increasing average
system alkalinity and pH, and decrease or halt rate of dosing if
distress is noticed. Do not increase average system pH value by more
than 0.10 per 12h. Aside from emergencies (e.g. excessive nutrient
content in an active system, greatly depressed or excessive salinity,
etc.), gradual changes in water composition are generally tolerated
better by aquatic organisms than are rapid changes.
Recommended is diluting an
appropriate volume of this solution into a larger volume of purified
water (with a purity of at least 98%), and applying this diluted
solution to the system with an automated dosing system which monitors
and controls solution dosing as a function of pH value. Do
NOT use with a dosing system which is merely controlled by a timer, as
this will not dose as a matter of pH value and may result in excessive
system pH.
Disclaimer
Notice:
It is not possible to eliminate all risks associated with the use,
handling, or storage of this product. Ineffectiveness, injury to crops
and/or livestock, or other unintended consequences may result due to
factors outside the control of Captiv8 Aquaculture or the seller. Buyer
or user shall assume all such risks. For details, go to Terms and Conditions. Consult SDS before use.
Disclaimer: Captiv8
Aquaculture warrants that this product conforms to the description, and
is reasonably fit for the purposes described, on its label. In no event
shall Captiv8 Aquaculture or the seller be held liable for any
incidental, consequential, or special damages, loss, or injury,
including, without limiting, lost profits, resulting from the use or
handling of this product. The exclusive remedy of the buyer or user for
all claims shall be the return of the purchase price of this product.
Express and implied warranties are disclaimed. Captiv8 Aquaculture does
not authorize any agent or representative to make any other warranty,
guarantee, or representation concerning this product.